How to Build Trust in Interviews: Rapport Techniques That Unlock Better Data

Pre-Interview Setup (Sets the Tone)

• Research participant context; avoid assumptions—ask, don’t guess.
• Choose a quiet, comfortable space; offer water and breaks.
• Review consent and confidentiality in plain language.
• Test recording equipment and backups before you meet.

Open Strong: The First 5 Minutes

The first moments set expectations and reduce anxiety. Use this structure:

• Arrive early and greet warmly; small talk is useful, not superficial.
• Explain the process, recording, and how they can pause or skip questions.
• Invite questions first; then ask permission to begin.
• Start with easy, descriptive questions before moving deeper.

Active Listening Techniques (That Actually Work)

Listening is your superpower. These techniques consistently produce richer answers:

• Maintain soft eye contact; nod and pause deliberately.
• Reflect back key phrases to show understanding.
• Leave silence after answers—people often add crucial details.
• Avoid multitasking; close laptops unless essential.

Be Culturally Aware

Cultural norms shape comfort and disclosure. Adapt your style thoughtfully:

• Research relevant norms around time, eye contact, and personal space.
• Use plain language; check comprehension without condescension.
• Offer alternatives for sensitive questions ("pass" or write-only options).
• Be transparent about how stories will be used and stored.

References

• Seidman, I. (2019). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences.
• Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2002). Handbook of interview research: Context and method.